Droits et devoirs
24 questions explained
Comment s’appelle la Constitution actuelle de la France ?
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Our answer: La Constitution du 4 octobre 1958
France's current Constitution is the one dated 4 October 1958. It is the founding text of the Fifth Republic and is applied today. The other dates are not the date of the current Constitution.
Concernant les droits individuels, quelle proposition est correcte ?
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Our answer: Les droits individuels sont limités par les libertés des autres
Individual rights and freedoms have limits: the general interest, the freedoms of others and public order. They exist from birth without State intervention, because every human being has them. It is economic and social rights that need the State to be ensured.
De quelle année date la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen ?
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Our answer: 1789
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen dates from 1789. It affirms natural, universal and inalienable rights. It was later taken up by the Constitution of 1791. The date 1905 is the secularism law, not the Declaration.
Lequel de ces droits est un droit fondamental ?
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Our answer: Le droit de vote
The right to vote is a fundamental right in France. It is written in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789. The other options are not rights recognised by these texts.
Parmi ces textes, lequel garantit les droits et libertés en France ?
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Our answer: La Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789
Fundamental rights and freedoms are written in several texts, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789. The other options are not texts that guarantee these rights.
Qu’est-ce que la liberté d’expression ?
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Our answer: La liberté de penser et de dire ce que l'on pense
Freedom of expression is the freedom to think and to say what one thinks. It is a fundamental right in France. It has limits set by law, so one cannot say anything at all without limits.
Quelle liberté permet à une personne de ne pas avoir de religion ?
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Our answer: La liberté de conscience
Freedom of conscience lets everyone have a religion, have none, or change it. Laïcité guarantees this freedom. The other freedoms listed do not concern the choice of whether or not to believe.
Une femme peut avorter :
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Our answer: sans condition d'âge, dans un cadre réglementé
In France, any woman can have an abortion with no age condition, within a regulated framework. A minor does not need parental permission, but must be accompanied by an adult of her choice.
Concernant les limites aux libertés individuelles, quelle proposition est correcte ?
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Our answer: Les libertés individuelles sont limitées par les libertés des autres
In France, our freedoms have limits that protect life in society. They are limited by the general interest, by other people's freedoms and by public order. Freedom means doing anything that does not harm others.
Quel est le rôle de la police ?
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Our answer: Assurer le respect des lois en ville
The police ensure that laws are respected in towns and cities. The gendarmerie has the same missions but in rural and peri-urban areas. The prefect runs State services in the département, and deals with neither justice nor the army.
Que doit faire une victime de violences ?
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Our answer: Déposer plainte auprès d'un commissariat ou d'une gendarmerie
A victim of violence can file a complaint at a police station or gendarmerie. It is important not to stay alone and to act. The victim is never responsible, and can be protected even if the events happened long ago.
Quelle est l'infraction la plus grave ?
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Our answer: Le crime
A crime is the most serious offence, for example murder or rape. A contravention is on the contrary the least serious offence, such as speeding or night-time noise.
Le recours à l'avortement est-il autorisé ?
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Our answer: Oui, chaque femme peut avoir recours à l'IVG dans un cadre réglementé.
Abortion is allowed in France within a regulated framework. Every woman can have one, with no age condition. A minor does not need parental permission, but must be accompanied by an adult of her choice.
Que prévoit la Charte de l'environnement ?
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Our answer: Chacun a le droit de vivre dans un environnement équilibré et respectueux de la santé
Article 1 of the Environment Charter gives everyone the right to live in a balanced environment that respects health. Every person also has a duty to help protect the environment, not just the State.
Que signifie la dignité humaine ?
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Our answer: Chaque personne mérite le respect simplement parce qu'elle est un être humain
Human dignity means every person has worth and deserves respect simply because they are a human being. This respect is unconditional: age, health, religion or social status make no difference.
Que signifie le droit de manifester ?
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Our answer: Participer à un rassemblement ou à une manifestation avec d'autres personnes
The right to demonstrate is a collective freedom. It allows people to gather and take part in a demonstration together with others, in order to defend shared interests.
Que signifie PMA ?
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Our answer: Procréation médicalement assistée
PMA stands for « Procréation Médicalement Assistée » (medically assisted procreation). It is a way to become a parent. Since 2 August 2021 it has been open to all women, in a couple or single, under the bioethics law.
Quelle liberté permet à une personne de croire en la religion de son choix ?
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Our answer: La liberté de conscience
Freedom of conscience lets everyone have the religion of their choice, have none, or change religion. Secularism (laïcité) guarantees this freedom. Freedom of movement is about travelling, not about belief.
Pour quel motif peut-on limiter la liberté d'expression ?
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Our answer: Le respect de l'ordre public
Free expression of one's convictions has limits: respect for others' convictions and public order. Income, political leaning or wanting to please the government are not grounds for limiting it.
À quoi sert le droit de grève ?
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Our answer: À cesser le travail pour exprimer un désaccord
The right to strike lets an employee stop working to express disagreement. It does not guarantee a pay rise and is not a way to choose your employer.
L'article 4 de la Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen affirme que "la liberté consiste à pouvoir faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui". Qu'est-ce que cela signifie ?
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Our answer: Nos libertés sont limitées par les droits des autres
My freedom stops where other people's rights begin. These limits are set by law. Natural rights cannot be taken away, but exercising them must not harm others.
Que signifie être citoyen d'un État ?
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Our answer: Avoir la nationalité de cet État, être protégé par lui et respecter ses lois
A citizen holds the nationality of their country. They are protected by the State, but must also obey its laws. So a citizen has both rights and duties, not only rights.
Que sont les droits fondamentaux ?
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Our answer: Les droits et libertés élémentaires que tout le monde doit respecter pour le bien-être de chacun
Fundamental rights are the basic rights and freedoms that everyone must respect to ensure the well-being of each person. They are the same for everyone, whatever their sex, age, beliefs or way of life.
Quel droit protège une personne contre une arrestation arbitraire ?
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Our answer: Le droit à la sûreté
The right to security (sûreté) protects individuals against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment by public authorities. Authorities must always respect the law. The right to strike and the right of property concern other matters.